Koine Greek: The fusion of Ionian with Attic, the dialect of Athens, began the process that resulted in the creation of the first common Greek dialect, which became a lingua franca across the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East.Ancient Greek fell into disuse in western Europe in the Middle Ages, but remained officially in use in the Byzantine world and was reintroduced to the rest of Europe with the Fall of Constantinople and Greek migration to western Europe. It was widely known throughout the Roman Empire. Ancient Greek: in its various dialects, the language of the Archaic and Classical periods of the ancient Greek civilization.It is recorded in the Linear B script on tablets dating from the 15th century BC onwards. Mycenaean Greek: the language of the Mycenaean civilization.The unity of Proto-Greek would have ended as Hellenic migrants entered the Greek peninsula sometime in the Neolithic era or the Bronze Age. Proto-Greek: the unrecorded but assumed last ancestor of all known varieties of Greek.The Greek language is conventionally divided into the following periods:
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Proto-Greek-speaking area according to linguist Vladimir I.
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Greek roots have been widely used for centuries and continue to be widely used to coin new words in other languages Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary. It is spoken by at least 13.5 million people today in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Albania, Turkey, and the many other countries of the Greek diaspora. In its modern form, Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. It eventually became the official language of the Byzantine Empire and developed into Medieval Greek. Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world, the Greek texts and Greek societies of antiquity constitute the objects of study of the discipline of Classics.ĭuring antiquity, Greek was by far the most widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world. The New Testament of the Christian Bible was also originally written in Greek. Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science and philosophy were originally composed. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting importance in the European canon. The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records.
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Greek ( Modern Greek: Ελληνικά, romanized: Elliniká Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνική, romanized: Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Albania, and the other parts of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, and the Eastern Mediterranean. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. (The map does not indicate where the language is majority or minority.) I think I would be correct then in translating the Greek word “ Palikari” as something akin to resistance fighters, guerrilla soldiers, partisans or in one word, a rebel or a warrior.Areas where Modern Greek is spoken (in dark blue those areas where it is the official language). Men, of what we would call today, “The Working Class” These then, were the “Palikaria” (Plural of palikari) of the Greek Revolution of 1821, Simple, but strong young men, inhabiting the mountainous and rural areas of Greece, fighting for a cause, fighting for the persecuted. Is “Palikari’ an untranslatable Greek word? I think not. He became a monk at the age of seventeen and due to his devotion to his faith and good temperament was ordained a Greek Orthodox deacon not long afterwards. The grandson of a local outlaw, or klepht, Athanasios Diakos, was drawn to religion from an early age and was sent away by his parents to the Monastery of St. John the Baptist, near Artotina, for his education. National Historical Museum, Athens.Īthanasios Diakos 1788 – 1821 was a Greek military commander during the Greek War of Independence, considered a national hero in Greece, born Athanasios Nikolaos Massavetas, in Phocis, in the village of Ano Mousounitsa, or according to other sources, in nearby Artotina.